A new report by an Indonesian environmental group casts doubt on Asia Pulp & Paper's commitment to sustainability. In its corporate social responsibility reports and advertisements, Asia Pulp & Paper (APP), one of Indonesia's largest pulp and paper suppliers, has touted several forest reserves as indicators of its commitment to environmental stewardship. APP has portrayed these as voluntary, goodwill efforts to conserve Sumatra's endangered wildlife. But in a new report, Greenomics-Indonesia, a Jakarta-based NGO, says that at best these projects represent compliance with existing Indonesian laws or are in areas where commercial exploitation isn't viable.

"APP's claim that it is voluntarily setting aside land for conservation is without merit," said Elfian Effendi, of Greenomics to Mongabay.com. The report looked specifically at the 6,000-hectare Taman Raja Reserve and 15,650-hectare Kampar Carbon Reserve, areas APP claims to have set aside to protect biodiversity and carbon stocks. It used documents from the Ministry of Forestry and APP suppliers PT Rimba Hutani Mas and PT Putra Riau Perkasa to show that neither reserve was suitable for conversion to timber plantations due to inaccessibility or topography.

"The evolution of this 'commitment' clearly shows that it is in reality no commitment at all, but was rather forced upon APP as a result of steep and very steep declivity and inaccessibility, thus making land clearing and pulpwood plantation development impossible - stated the report in reference to Taman Raja - Consequently, it is inappropriate for APP to tout its so-called commitment to the global public through advertising and the media."

Greenomics found a similar case for the Kampar Carbon Reserve, which APP has promoted as a REDD+ project to benefit wildlife and local communities. Carbon Conservation, a Singapore-based forest carbon project developer now owned by a gold and copper mining firm, is APP's partner on the project. "The deep peatlands located in the PT Putra Riau Perkasa concession were ultimately saved from land clearing, but not because of APP's commitment to biodiversity conservation, but rather because there were too inaccessible. In other words, APP was not able to get its hands on them."

An earlier report from Greenomics questioned APP's right to develop the Kampar peatlands on the grounds that "the land satisfied all the legal requirements for designation as a protected zone."

Reached by Mongabay.com, APP did not respond directly to points raised in the report, but asserted that its program qualified as "active conservation management," while seemingly calling into question Greenomics' authorship of the report.

"As an 'Indonesian' NGO, in their 'surprisingly very well-written' report in English, it is strange that Greenomics doesn't seem to understand the concept of 'active conservation management' for which a program of this nature qualifies," said an APP spokesperson.

"The report is 100% written by Greenomics," said Effendi to Mongabay.com. "Greenomics is not backed up technically and financially by international NGOs or APP's competitors or other interested individuals."

"This is just a moral reaction to stop the continued misleading undertaken aggressively by APP," he added, alluding to a sharp increase in rhetoric against NGOs working on forest issues in Indonesia. Greenpeace - which is in the midst of a campaign to reform APP's sourcing practices - and Indonesia Corruption Watch have been particularly targeted in recent months.

Greenomics also objected to APP's characterization of its program as "active conservation management." Effendi noted that Dr Hadi Daryanto, the Secretary General of the Ministry of Forestry, said that the setting aside of forest areas that must be protected according to a company's operating permit "is not a form of 'active conservation management'" and cannot be construed as its commitment to conservation.

APP did not respond to a request for clarification on its interpretation of active conservation management and whether it believes this reflects commitment above and beyond what is stipulated under Ministry of Forestry regulations.

The Greenomics report is not the first time APP's commitment to environmental protection has been criticized. In 2006, WWF - a former APP partner - issued a stinging rebuke of APP's representation of its conservation initiatives. "APP portrayed itself as a forest- and wildlife-protecting company - stated WWF's October 2006 Monitoring Brief on Asia Pulp & Paper - However, in reality, APP's performance does not match its claims. APP refuses to commit to 'conservation beyond compliance' and continues to destroy High Conservation Value Forests (HCVFs) and threatens the Sumatran tigers, elephants and other wildlife that rely on them."

APP also saw its partnership with the Rainforest Alliance sour over its continued conversion of Sumatran rainforests for eucalyptus and acacia plantations. The NGO ended its relationship with APP after its audit reported mismanagement of the High Conservation Value Forests that APP promised to protect. In 2007 the Forest Stewardship Council, a body that sets "green"-labeling criteria for wood products, revoked APP's certification over continuing complaints about poor forest management practices.